Quadruple Helix Connections between Quantum Technology Clusters, with Aniska Graver, and Indy Ng. International Journal: Canada’s Journal of Global Policy Analysis (2026)

As quantum technologies rapidly develop, collaboration between actors is often positioned to strengthen national quantum ecosystems and establish specialized national clusters. Such collaborations include state and non-state actors who engage in decision-making across international borders. These collaborations can be contextualized and analyzed through a quadruple helix model that comprises four interconnected sets of actors: academia, industry, government, and civil society. This study uses this model and social network analysis to examine the Canadian quantum technology ecosystem and collaboration between public and private actors and international partnerships with other middle power states, with a focus on Canadian-German partnerships. The findings highlight the interconnectedness of global networks, the governance of technology-specific connections within ecosystems, and the effectiveness of clusters for knowledge and innovation transfer. This study emphasizes the role of trade missions and small and medium-sized enterprises in the rapidly evolving landscape of technology development.

Cutting Through the Tangled Webs of Civil and Military Aviation Toward a Practical Cybersecurity Framework, with LCol (ret.) Jason Furlong. Journal of Military and Strategic Studies (2025)

North American defence and security require trusted partnerships to detect, deter, and defeat threats from foreign adversaries. The United States and Canada cooperate through the North American Aerospace Defense (NORAD) organization to build a layered network of defence that jointly enhances operational capabilities with a traditional emphasis on the air domain. However, as the aviation ecosystem becomes increasingly digitized and interconnected, it is essential that strategic and high-level policy decisions be supported with the necessary conceptual tools to keep the skies safe. We propose that one way to deepen cooperation in aviation cybersecurity is through the integration of a human-centric framework. In this article, we introduce, define, and contextualize our Inter-Organization Learning Culture Framework for policy-makers and academics alike. The integration of this framework has implications for NORAD in terms of cooperation, modernization initiatives, and the continued protection of the interlinked civil and defence aviation ecosystems.

Canada’s national quantum strategy one year on with Aniska Graver, Canadian Foreign Policy Journal (2024)

This policy commentary critically reviews Canada's National Quantum Strategy (NQS) to evaluate whether it integrates a values approach to mitigate any potential regional, national, and global disparities as part of a responsible quantum approach. Our analysis reveals that Canada's quantum strategy focuses on fostering the identification, development, and commercialization of technologies for economic gain at national, regional, and international levels. Both provincial and federal governments actively collaborate with research institutions and businesses within four distinct research and innovation hubs to establish “quantum zones” as emerging paradiplomatic actors. Internationally, Canada is positioning itself as a leader in quantum technology through grants, research and development partnerships, and country-specific Trade Missions with like-minded states. This commentary highlights the need to embed values, such as sustainability and equitability, into the development and application of quantum technologies and future iterations of the NQS to address societal impacts.

Post-quantum cryptographic assemblages and the governance of the quantum threat, with Nina Bindel, Journal of Cybersecurity (2023)

Threats against security in the Internet often have a wide range and can have serious impacts within society. Large quantum computers will be able to break the cryptographic algorithms used to ensure security today, which is known as the quantum threat. Quantum threats are multi-faceted and very complex cybersecurity issues. We use assemblage theory to explore the complexities associated with these threats, including how they are understood within policy and strategy. It is in this way that we explore how the governance of the quantum threat is made visible. Generally, the private and academic sectors have been a primary driver in this field, but other actors (especially states) have begun to grapple with the threat and have begun to understand the relation to defence challenges, and pathways to cooperation in order to prepare against the threat. This may pose chal- lenges for traditional avenues of defence cooperation as states attempt to understand and manage the associated technologies and perceived threats. We examine how traditionally cooperating allies attempt to govern the quantum threat by focusing on Australia, Canada, European Union, New Zealand, UK, and USA. We explore the linkages within post-quantum cryptographic assemblages and identify several governmental interventions as attempts to understand and manage the threat and associated technologies. In examining over 40 policy and strategy-related documents between traditionally defence cooperating allies, we identify six main linkages: Infrastructure, Standardization, Education, Partnerships, Economy, and Defence. These linkages highlight the governmental interventions to govern through standardization and regulation as a way to define the contours of the quantum threat.

Cyber Considerations for Maritime Operations in the Canadian Arctic, with Maj. (ret.) Bruno Perron, Canadian Naval Review (2021)

There have been calls for enhanced naval presence and a more permanent role in the Canadian Arctic. Emerg- ing technologies, naval actors, commercial shipping and communities in the Arctic may be subject to increased risk of malicious foreign interference and increased cyber incidents. This is because the Arctic has become a site of increasing geostrategic importance. As more actors be- come involved in this region, it may become an area of growing contestation...